How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Safely Using the PASS Method

When a fire breaks out, every second counts. Knowing how to correctly use a fire extinguisher can prevent injuries, save lives, and limit property damage. This step-by-step guide walks you through the PASS method, a widely accepted firefighting technique that simplifies the use of portable extinguishers. Whether you're at home, at work, or in a public space, being prepared can make all the difference.

Important: These instructions are for small, manageable fires. If a fire is spreading, emits toxic smoke, or cannot be controlled within a few seconds, evacuate immediately and call 911.

References

First Alert. (n.d.). P.A.S.S. the fire extinguisher. First Alert. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://www.firstalert.com/us/en/safetycorner/p-a-s-s-the-fire-extinguisher/

Koorsen Fire & Security. (n.d.). PASS method fire extinguisher graphic [Photograph]. Koorsen Fire & Security Blog. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://blog.koorsen.com/hubfs/Imported_Blog_Media/PULL-Extinguisher2-1024x737.jpg

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Portable fire extinguishers. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://www.osha.gov/etools/evacuation-plans-procedures/emergency-standards/portable-extinguishers

SafetySkills. (2018, June). Fire extinguisher classifications A, B, C, D, and K [Infographic]. SafetySkills. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://cdn.safetyskills.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/01134741/AdobeStock_231504845.png

SureFire CPR. (n.d.). How to use a fire extinguisher: Steps 1–4 (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) [Illustrations]. SureFire CPR. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://surefirecpr.com/how-to-use-a-fire-extinguisher/

UniFirst First Aid + Safety. (2017, November). Fire extinguisher demonstration [Photograph]. UniFirst First Aid + Safety. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://unifirstfirstaidandsafety.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Fire-Extinguishers.jpg

United States Army. (2014, February 20). Fire prevention training offered to APG community. Army.mil. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://www.army.mil/article/122056/fire_prevention_training_offered_to_apg_community

U.S. Fire Administration. (n.d.). Fire extinguishers. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Retrieved June 11, 2025, from https://www.usfa.fema.gov/prevention/home-fires/prepare-for-fire/fire-extinguishers/

1. ABC fire extinguisher (or a demo/training model)
2. Outdoor or well-ventilated safe area for demonstration
3. Another person to take your photos
4. Optional: A fire-safe prop such as a metal pan with controlled material (if doing a safe mock fire)

Locate the safety pin at the top of the extinguisher and pull it out. This pin prevents accidental discharge. Pulling the pin will break the tamper seal.

Point the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire, not at the flames. Aiming low helps to cut off the fire at its fuel source.

Firmly squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Keep a steady grip and be ready — some extinguishers may have a short discharge time (10–20 seconds).

Sweep the nozzle from side to side, continuing to aim at the base. Cover the entire area evenly until the fire is fully out.

1. Stand 6–8 feet away from the fire when beginning.
2. Always maintain a clear exit path behind you in case evacuation is necessary.
3. After use, place the extinguisher on its side and have it recharged or replaced.
4. Check the pressure gauge monthly and inspect for damage or expired dates.
5. Remember: If in doubt, get out and call emergency services.

Now that you know the PASS method, take a few minutes to practice with a training extinguisher if available. Fire safety starts with preparedness — and even one practice session can give you the confidence to act quickly when it matters most.